SAGE
Sage: A Timeless Healer
Sage (Salvia officinalis) is more than just a flavorful herb for the kitchen—it is a plant steeped in centuries of medicinal use. Its very name comes from the Latin salvare, meaning “to save” or “to heal,” which hints at the esteem in which it was held by ancient healers. From warding off illness during medieval plagues to soothing sore throats and aiding digestion, sage has earned its reputation as both a culinary and medicinal powerhouse. Ancient Egyptians used it as a fertility remedy, while the Romans and Greeks turned to sage for digestion and memory. During the Middle Ages, it was so highly valued that people asked, “Why should a man die who has sage in his garden?”—a saying that reflects the plant’s long-standing association with vitality and longevity.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Benefits
Sage is rich in rosmarinic acid and other antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress and inflammation. This contributes to its wide-ranging benefits, from joint health to cardiovascular support. Externally, sage poultices or washes have been used to soothe wounds, insect bites, and skin irritation.
Antimicrobial and Immune Support
One of sage’s most impressive qualities is its antimicrobial activity. The leaves contain volatile oils such as thujone, cineole, and camphor, which have been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This makes sage a trusted ally for warding off infections, especially in the mouth and throat.
Sore throat and mouth infections: Sage tea or diluted sage tincture has long been used as a gargle to ease sore throats, inflamed gums, and canker sores.
Immune support: By reducing microbial load, sage may help the body fight off minor infections more effectively.
Digestive aid
Sage has a well-earned reputation as a digestive herb. Traditionally, it has been taken after heavy meals to ease bloating, gas, and indigestion. The bitter compounds in sage stimulate digestive secretions, supporting both stomach and liver function.
Carminative action: Reduces cramping, bloating, and discomfort.
Bile stimulation: Aids in the breakdown of fats and enhances overall digestion.
A simple cup of sage tea after a rich meal can still serve as a natural digestive aid today.
Cognitive and Nervous System Support
Recent studies have confirmed what traditional healers long suspected—sage supports memory and mental clarity. Compounds in sage interact with acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter critical for learning and memory. Some clinical trials even suggest sage extracts may improve cognitive function in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease.
Memory enhancement: Traditionally used by students and scholars before exams.
Calming effects: Sage tea can also soothe mild anxiety and nervous tension.
This dual role—both sharpening the mind and calming the nerves—makes sage a versatile herb for the nervous system.
Women’s Health
Sage has been a trusted remedy in women’s health for centuries. It is often used to support hormonal balance and ease symptoms related to menopause.
Hot flashes and night sweats: Studies suggest sage can reduce the frequency and intensity of these symptoms.
Lactation: Traditionally, sage tea has been used to reduce excess breast milk supply, though it should be avoided during breastfeeding unless this is the goal.
Safety Considerations
While culinary amounts of sage are safe, concentrated preparations should be used with care. The essential oil, in particular, contains thujone, which can be toxic in high doses. Pregnant and breastfeeding individuals should avoid medicinal doses unless guided by a qualified practitioner.
A Plant of Wisdom and Healing
Sage has earned its place in the herbalist’s apothecary not only for its medicinal virtues but also for the symbolic wisdom it represents. Known as a herb of longevity, protection, and clarity, it continues to bridge the worlds of food and medicine. Whether sipped as tea to ease digestion, gargled for a sore throat, or sprinkled on roasted vegetables, sage remains a plant that nourishes.
garden sage
MULLEIN
Mullein: A Gentle Healer in the GardenMullein (Verbascum thapsus) is one of those plants that quietly weaves itself into both the landscape and traditional herbal medicine. If you’ve ever noticed a tall, fuzzy-leaved plant topped with a spire of yellow flowers growing along roadsides, fields, or even in your own backyard, you’ve likely encountered mullein. Mullein has been used in herbal traditions across Europe, Asia, and North America for centuries. Greek physician Dioscorides recommended it for lung conditions nearly 2,000 years ago, and Native American tribes prepared mullein teas and smokes to ease coughs and chest congestion. Its wide geographic distribution and easily identifiable appearance made it accessible to countless generations of healers, who passed down knowledge of its soothing qualities.
Respiratory Support
Perhaps the most well-known use of mullein is as a lung tonic. The plant’s leaves and flowers contain saponins, mucilage, and flavonoids—compounds that work together to calm irritated tissues and help the body expel excess mucus.
Expectorant properties: Mullein helps loosen and clear congestion, making coughs more productive.
Demulcent action: The mucilage in the leaves coats the throat and respiratory tract, reducing irritation from dry coughs.
Anti-inflammatory benefits: Flavonoids ease inflammation in the lungs and bronchial passages.
Herbalists often recommend mullein tea, tincture, or smoke blends for conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, and lingering coughs. Unlike harsher remedies, mullein’s gentle action makes it suitable for children and sensitive individuals, though it’s always wise to consult a healthcare provider before use.
Skin Soother
Externally, mullein can be applied to the skin for its emollient and anti-inflammatory qualities. Poultices of the fresh leaves have been used historically to relieve minor burns, bruises, rashes, and insect bites. The soft, velvety leaves are not only soothing but also help create a protective barrier that encourages healing.
Mullein’s wound-healing potential is supported by its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which may reduce the risk of infection while calming irritation.
Digestive Support
Though not as widely known, mullein has also been used to support digestive health. Its demulcent qualities extend to the gut, where it can help calm inflammation in the stomach and intestines. Mullein tea has traditionally been taken for diarrhea, colic, or general digestive upset. Its mild action makes it a supportive rather than aggressive herb, aligning with its overall reputation as a gentle healer.
A Nervous System Ally
Emerging research suggests mullein may have mild nervine qualities, offering calming effects on the nervous system. While this area needs more study, traditional use indicates that mullein tea has been taken to ease anxiety, promote relaxation, and support restful sleep—especially when respiratory issues are interfering with comfort.
Safety Considerations
Mullein is generally considered safe, with few reported side effects. The main caution lies in properly straining teas to remove irritating leaf hairs. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, or those with chronic health conditions, should consult a healthcare professional before use.
Passionflower: The Science Behind a Calming Herb
Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) is more than just a beautiful vine. Native to the Americas, it produces striking blossoms that once captured the imagination of early European botanists and healers. Each flower only lasts about a single day before fading, a fleeting beauty that has long been seen as a reminder of renewal and rest. It feels especially fitting given the plant’s gifts for calming the mind and body.
For centuries, passionflower has been used in herbal practice to ease restlessness and support sleep. Modern science now helps explain why it works so well. The plant is rich in flavonoids such as chrysin and apigenin, and alkaloids like harmine and harmaline. These compounds interact with the brain’s GABA system, our main calming neurotransmitter. Think of GABA as the body’s natural brake pedal; when passionflower enhances GABA activity, it slows down overactive nerve signaling, guiding the nervous system back into balance. Researchers have even observed that whole extracts of passionflower can directly trigger GABA-activated currents in hippocampal neurons, offering a clear biological explanation for its relaxing effects.
Because of this action, passionflower is considered a nervine antispasmodic, meaning it calms both the nervous system and muscular tension. Clinical research and traditional use point to a range of benefits, including:
Relieving anxiety and stress: shown in trials to ease symptoms of generalized anxiety, sometimes performing as effectively as prescription medication but with fewer side effects.
Supporting sleep quality: helping people fall asleep faster, wake less often, and feel more rested.
Easing nerve-related symptoms: as a nervine antispasmodic, passionflower may reduce tremors, neuralgia (nerve pain), and detox-related anxiety.
Reducing menopausal discomforts: such as hot flashes, mood swings, and insomnia.
Supporting healthy blood pressure: early studies suggest gentle effects on blood pressure regulation, likely linked to its calming and antioxidant properties.
From a practitioner’s point of view, passionflower is a plant that balances strength with gentleness. It doesn’t knock you out the way pharmaceuticals sometimes do. Instead, it quietly encourages the body to shift gears, allowing for rest and calm without dullness. This is why we use passionflower in some of our teas and glycerites at Stinging Nettle Botanics. It works beautifully alongside herbs like lemon balm and skullcap, bringing ease and steadiness to blends that are meant to nurture balance rather than overwhelm the body.
Passionflower is more than folklore; it is a science-backed herb with measurable effects on the nervous system. At Stinging Nettle Botanics, we love working with this beautiful vine because it consistently delivers on what both tradition and research affirm: a gentle, reliable ally for finding calm in a restless world.
Safety note: While passionflower is generally safe for short-term use, some people may experience mild drowsiness or dizziness. More importantly, it can interact with medications such as MAO inhibitors, sedatives, and SSRIs. If you’re taking prescription medications, it’s best to consult with your doctor or another qualified health professional before using it.
The Science Behind Marjoram: A Natural Ally for Muscle and Joint Relief
Marjoram (Origanum majorana) is one of nature’s most underrated powerhouses when it comes to relieving muscle tension and supporting joint health. Known for its warm, herbaceous aroma and centuries of use in traditional healing, marjoram is now gaining recognition in modern research for its ability to ease inflammation, calm spasms, and promote physical comfort—especially when applied topically.
While marjoram has long been used in traditional herbal medicine for its calming and anti-inflammatory properties, modern research is now validating its value in supporting muscle relaxation, reducing pain, and improving circulation.
Active Compounds and Mechanisms of Action
The essential oil of marjoram contains a unique combination of phytochemicals including Terpinen-4-ol, Linalool, Sabinene hydrate, and γ-Terpinene.
These compounds have been shown to exhibit analgesic, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory properties through multiple biological pathways:
Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines: Marjoram suppresses molecules such as TNF-α and IL-1β, reducing systemic inflammation.
Muscle relaxant effects: Through calcium channel blocking activity, marjoram can reduce smooth muscle contractions and help alleviate tension or spasms.
Topical analgesia: When applied to the skin, marjoram oil can interact with local nerve endings, easing discomfort in a non-invasive, drug-free manner.
A 2018 study published in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine concluded that essential oils containing marjoram demonstrated significant pain-reducing effects when used in topical applications for musculoskeletal conditions. [Read the study here →]
Marjoram in Practice: Who Can Benefit?
Marjoram-infused preparations, such as our Aching Joints Oil, may benefit individuals dealing with:
Muscle tension or spasms
Joint stiffness associated with aging or arthritis
Post-exercise soreness or overuse injuries
Circulatory sluggishness in extremities
Because it acts locally and gently, marjoram is well-suited for those seeking natural alternatives to over-the-counter analgesics or synthetic muscle relaxants—especially when used consistently as part of a broader wellness routine.
How We Use It: Aching Joints Oil
Our Aching Joints Oil combines organic marjoram essential oil with other time-tested botanicals such as rosemary, turmeric, and chamomile, all in a nourishing jojoba oil base. Each component contributes synergistically to support circulation, reduce inflammation, and soothe the body.
This formulation is crafted to be:
Gentle enough for daily use
Free from synthetic ingredients or preservatives
Rooted in both herbal tradition and modern clinical evidence
The power of marjoram lies in its subtlety—working gradually with the body to restore comfort and balance. As we continue to explore herbalism through both ancestral wisdom and scientific validation, marjoram remains a cornerstone in our mission to provide effective, plant-based support for everyday wellbeing.
If you’re looking to add a trusted herbal remedy to your muscle care routine, we invite you to explore our Aching Joints Oil and experience the benefits of marjoram for yourself.
Aromatherapy 101: The Science, the History, and the Healing
Aromatherapy is a holistic healing treatment that uses natural plant extracts—specifically essential oils—to promote health and well-being. Despite the focus on “aroma,” the practice engages multiple senses and integrates various approaches to healing.
It involves extracting aromatic essences from plants, flowers, herbs, and trees. These concentrated oils capture each plant’s distinctive scent and are associated with various therapeutic properties. When inhaled or applied to the skin, essential oils can trigger a range of physiological and psychological responses.
How Essential Oils Are Made
Essential oils are produced through several methods, including:
Steam distillation of plant materials
Cold pressing of citrus peels
Solvent extraction for delicate flowers
CO₂ extraction for high-quality oils
Each oil’s unique chemical composition determines both its fragrance and therapeutic effects. For instance, lavender contains compounds like linalool and linalyl acetate, which are associated with relaxation and stress relief—making it one of the most widely used oils in aromatherapy.
A Brief History of Aromatherapy
Aromatherapy has ancient roots across several cultures:
Ancient Egyptians used aromatic oils in religious ceremonies and embalming practices
Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine incorporated aromatic plants thousands of years ago
Greeks and Romans used oils for bathing and massage
Medieval European monks preserved herbal knowledge in monastery gardens
Modern aromatherapy emerged in the early 20th century when French chemist René-Maurice Gattefossé discovered lavender oil's healing properties after treating a burn on his hand. He later coined the term “aromatherapy” in his 1937 book on the subject.
How Aromatherapy Affects the Brain
Aromatherapy influences the brain and nervous system through several key mechanisms:
Olfactory Processing (Smell)
When essential oil molecules are inhaled, they travel through the nasal passages to the olfactory epithelium, where scent receptors detect them. These receptors are directly connected to the brain via the olfactory bulb, forming one of the most direct sensory pathways to the brain.
Limbic System Activation
Scent signals reach the limbic system, particularly the amygdala (emotion processing) and hippocampus (memory formation). This connection helps explain why aromas can trigger powerful emotional responses and memories.
Neurochemical Effects
Research suggests essential oils can influence:
Neurotransmitter release (e.g., serotonin, dopamine)
Endorphin production
Regulation of stress hormones
While aromatherapy’s connection to neurological response is well-established, further research is needed to clarify exactly how specific benefits occur.
Why People Use Aromatherapy
Aromatherapy has grown in popularity due to its wide range of uses—from physical health support to emotional wellness.
Physical Health Benefits
Many essential oils offer therapeutic properties, including:
Antimicrobial effects (tea tree, oregano)
Anti-inflammatory actions (frankincense, German chamomile)
Pain relief (peppermint, eucalyptus)
Immune support (lemon, thyme)
Digestive aid (ginger, fennel, peppermint)
For example, peppermint oil may help reduce IBS symptoms, while tea tree oil is known to treat fungal infections and acne.
Emotional and Psychological Support
Aromatherapy is especially effective for influencing mood and emotional well-being:
Lavender and chamomile may promote relaxation and sleep
Citrus oils like bergamot and sweet orange can boost mood
Rosemary and peppermint may enhance mental clarity and focus
Ylang-ylang and sandalwood may reduce anxiety
Because the olfactory system is directly connected to the limbic system—the part of the brain responsible for emotions and memory—essential oils can quickly influence emotional states.
Stress Reduction
Many people turn to aromatherapy as a natural stress reliever. Studies show that certain oils can reduce cortisol levels and activate the parasympathetic nervous system, which helps trigger the body’s relaxation response. This explains why aromatherapy is often included in massage therapy, meditation practices, and sleep routines.
Aromatherapy in Complementary Care
Aromatherapy is increasingly used alongside conventional medical care to support a variety of conditions, such as:
Cancer (to ease side effects of treatment)
Chronic pain (as part of pain management plans)
Mental health disorders (as a therapeutic aid)
Sleep disorders (to improve sleep hygiene)
Some healthcare facilities now offer essential oil inhalation before procedures to reduce patient anxiety, while hospice programs use gentle aromas to create comfort.
Modern Methods of Use
Today, aromatherapy is incorporated into daily life through a variety of applications:
Roll-ons for portable support
Topical products like massage oils, creams, and bath blends
Diffusers to disperse oils into the air
Room sprays and linen mists
Aromatherapy jewelry that slowly releases oils throughout the day
Safety and Considerations
While aromatherapy offers many benefits, it’s important to use essential oils safely:
Oils are highly concentrated and may cause skin irritation or allergic reactions
Some oils may interact with medications or be unsuitable for certain medical conditions
Product quality varies—look for trusted sources
The scientific evidence is stronger for some uses than others
Experts recommend consulting a trained aromatherapist and informing your healthcare provider before use—especially for pregnant individuals, children, or people with existing health conditions.
Looking Ahead
As interest in holistic and integrative health continues to grow, aromatherapy is likely to become an even more common part of wellness routines. Ongoing research is helping clarify how essential oils work and where they can be most effective.
Whether used for specific therapeutic goals or simply to create a calming environment, aromatherapy reflects a timeless human connection to the healing power of plants and nature’s scents.
GLYCERITES
We can get the healthful benefits from some plants and herbs by eating them directly-think of spinach, culinary herbs, or even zucchini flowers. For many plants and herbs, however, eating them can be unsafe or not at all palatable. Fortunately, we can still utilize the powerful constituents of these plants by extracting them. This is what we do when we drink tea-we use water to extract the healthy constituents of the plant into the water and then we drink that as tea. Water is not the only extraction method available to us. Herbal and plant constituents can be extracted in oil, alcohol, steam, carbon dioxide, apple cider vinegar, or glycerin. Each method has its pros and cons, and some methods are preferred for certain types of plants as the best way to get at a desired constituent.
Sometimes extraction is done over a long period of time in order to make a concentrated solution of the desired constituent. This is most often done with alcohol, which is a powerful solvent, and is called a tincture. There are some drawbacks to tinctures, though, so in some cases we turn to alternatives such as glycerin.
Glycerin is a clear, sweet, syrupy liquid that is derived from plant or animal fats (though glycerin itself is a carbohydrate). Glycerin has the ability to extract and preserve certain plant constituents, particularly water-soluble compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and some glycosides. While it is not as strong of a solvent as alcohol, it is effective at drawing out beneficial compounds over an extended period. Glycerin also has natural preservative properties, which help extend the shelf life of herbal preparations without the need for additional preservatives.
When making an herbal extraction with glycerin, herb or plant material is typically combined with a mixture of glycerin and water to optimize the extraction process (usually 75% glycerin to 25% distilled water). The plant matter is then left to macerate for several weeks, allowing the glycerin to draw out the therapeutic compounds. This gentle extraction method is particularly useful for delicate herbs that might lose potency when exposed to alcohol. After several weeks, the plant material is strained out and the remaining liquid will hold the therapeutic constituents of the plant. These liquid extracts are called glycerites.
Glycerites are usually not as potent as alcohol tinctures, but they can still be effective. They are particularly great for people who do not wish to use alcohol or for whom alcohol is too harsh on the stomach. Glycerites are gentler than tinctures and generally sweet and easier to take regularly. For people who don’t enjoy herbal teas or who do not have the ability to drink teas throughout the day, glycerites offer a simple way to incorporate the benefits of plant and herb medicine into their lives.
Tea’s Dual Benefits: Antioxidants and Water Purification
We all know tea is packed with antioxidants, but new research from Northwestern University has uncovered another surprising benefit—its ability to remove heavy metals from water. That’s right, your daily cup of tea isn’t just good for your body, it’s also purifying what you drink.
How Tea Naturally Filters Water
The study tested several types of tea, including black, green, white, oolong, chamomile, and rooibos, to see how they interact with heavy metals like lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc. The results were eye-opening. Brewing tea for just three to five minutes reduced lead levels by about 15%, and the longer the tea steeped, the more contaminants it absorbed. Overnight steeping, like when making iced tea, was especially effective.
Not all teas performed the same. Black tea absorbed the most heavy metals, followed by green and white teas. Finely ground tea, the kind found in traditional tea bags, worked better than whole-leaf varieties, and even the type of tea bag made a difference. Cellulose tea bags were the most effective, while cotton and nylon ones had little to no impact.
Tea vs. Free Radicals: The Antioxidant Connection
Beyond purifying water, tea is also a powerhouse of antioxidants, which protect the body from free radicals. These unstable molecules roam the body looking to steal electrons from healthy cells, causing oxidative stress and cellular damage. Over time, this process contributes to aging, inflammation, and chronic illnesses like heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Antioxidants step in as natural defenders, donating an electron to free radicals and neutralizing their harmful effects. Unlike free radicals, antioxidants remain stable even after giving up an electron, making them essential in reducing oxidative stress. Tea is naturally rich in antioxidants like catechins, theaflavins, and polyphenols, all of which help support cellular health, fight inflammation, and promote overall well-being.
Why This Matters
This study reinforces what many tea lovers already suspected—drinking tea is an easy, natural way to support your health. It cleanses your water, delivers essential antioxidants, and protects against environmental toxins, all in one cup.
So the next time you brew a pot, steep it a little longer, enjoy the benefits, and know that your tea is doing more than just tasting great—it’s helping your body in more ways than one.
Free Radicals, Antioxidants and Skin
We hear so much about free radicals, antioxidants and the damage from oxidative stress. But, what exactly are these things? The story starts at a very small level.
What are Free Radicals?
Free radicals are highly unstable molecules or atoms that can damage the cells in our body, including skin cells. These molecules have an odd number of electrons. This is a problem because it’s in the nature of electrons to seek a stable form by pairing with another electron. They are always trying to bond with other atoms/molecules so all of the electrons are paired up. When electrons aren’t bonded into a stable molecule, they are “free” and can steal electrons from any nearby molecules. That nearby molecule, by losing an electron in this way, then becomes unstable. This can create a chain reaction where more and more molecules become unstable and this results in damage to our body’s cells.
The source of free radicals in our skin can come from a variety of things such as sun exposure, pollution, cigarette smoke, chemicals, and even stress. The damage that these free radicals cause is often referred to as "oxidative stress." (Its named “oxidative” because of intricate cellular reactions)
How Do Free Radicals Affect the Skin?
When free radicals attack skin cells, they can do several harmful things. The most noticeable effect is accelerating aging. Over time, free radicals can break down important proteins in our skin, such as collagen and elastin. Collagen gives our skin strength and structure, while elastin helps it return to its original shape after stretching. When free radicals break down these proteins, the skin loses its firmness and elasticity, leading to wrinkles, sagging, and other visible signs of aging.
Additionally, free radicals can damage the skin's DNA. This can make skin cells more likely to mutate, which increases the risk of conditions like skin cancer.
Another effect of free radicals on the skin is inflammation. When the skin is under oxidative stress, it can become irritated, red, or inflamed. This can worsen conditions like acne, eczema, and rosacea.
In essence, free radicals are like tiny “invaders” that disrupt the normal, healthy function of your skin cells, causing both immediate and long-term damage.
What Are Antioxidants and How Do They Help?
Now that we know how free radicals cause damage, let’s talk about antioxidants—the heroes of this story. Antioxidants are natural molecules that help neutralize free radicals. Antioxidants are able to donate an electron to stabilize free radicals without becoming unstable themselves.
Think of antioxidants like "bodyguards" for your skin cells. They patrol the body and skin, neutralizing the harmful free radicals before they can do any damage. This helps to protect the skin from premature aging, reduces the risk of inflammation, and may even reduce the chance of skin cancer by preventing DNA damage.
Antioxidants are found in many plants including herbs, fruits, vegetables, and plant oils.
The Balance Between Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Our bodies naturally produce antioxidants to help balance out the free radicals we encounter daily. However, things like aging, poor diet, pollution, and chemicals can reduce our natural antioxidant levels. When the number of free radicals outweighs the available antioxidants, the skin is left vulnerable to oxidative damage. This is why protecting the skin with antioxidants—both through the food we eat and the skincare products we use—is essential for maintaining youthful, healthy skin.
The Role of Herbs in Skin Care
Topical herbs can be a powerful way to help relieve oxidative stress on the skin due to their natural antioxidant properties. When applied to the skin, certain herbs can help neutralize free radicals, soothe inflammation, and promote skin healing, all of which reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress. Whether you use them in serums, oils, creams, cleansers or masks, incorporating these herbs into your skincare routine, in addition to your diet, is an easy and effective way to fight oxidative stress and support your skin’s overall health.
Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis)
The botanical name for marshmallow, Althaea, is from the ancient Greek word for healing or ‘to cure’. The name truly suits this remarkable plant. The marshmallow, or marsh mallow, is a beautiful perennial that can sometimes be found growing in marshy areas. Marshmallow has a rich history dating back to ancient civilizations. Native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, and introduced to North America, this perennial herb has long been valued not only for its culinary uses but also for its medicinal properties. In ancient Egypt, marshmallow root was used for its soothing qualities and was often combined with honey and nuts to create a delicacy reserved for the gods and pharaohs. The Egyptians recognized its therapeutic potential, employing the root to treat wounds and respiratory ailments. This early use set the foundation for marshmallow’s place in herbal medicine and how the plant is still used today.
Both the leaf and root of the marshmallow plant are used for their health benefits.
They are considered demulcent herbs and contain a high amount of mucilage. These long chains of polysaccharides are what give the herb its gelatinous quality when mixed with water. Marshmallow is an excellent anti-inflammatory and is used both internally and externally as it soothes and protects irritated mucous membranes and other body tissues.
Taken internally, marshmallow’s demulcent properties coat and soothe the throat, air passages, and digestive tract. Marshmallow leaf is used to ease the symptoms of respiratory illnesses like bronchitis to relieve sore throat, cough, and spasms. For the digestive system, marshmallow root soothes irritable bowels,reduces sensitivity to stomach acids, and lessens diarrhea. Marshmallow leaf is also used to soothe inflammatory conditions of the urinary tract such as cystitis.
Externally, marshmallow root shines as an emollient to soothe, soften, and protect the skin. It is used as a poultice, for wound care, or in skin care products.
Echinacea vs. Elderberry
Ripe Elderberries
People often ask if it’s better to use elderberry or echinacea during the cold and flu season. Both herbs have long been used to support the immune system in fighting off respiratory infections and to reduce the severity of respiratory illness but they have some shared, and some distinct, properties.
Elderberries (Sambucus nigra) are rich in anti-oxidants (like Vitamin C) and flavonoids which help neutralize free radicals in the body. Free radicals are unstable molecules in our bodies that damage cells or make them work inefficiently. Getting rid of them can help our immune systems and other body systems to fight off any infections heading our way. Elderberry has also been shown to have anti-viral properties and some studies have shown that it may help reduce the length and severity of viral respiratory illness like the common cold or flu. Its anti-inflammatory properties can also help lessen some symptoms such as congestion and sinus pressure.
Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) is known in herbal medicine as a good immune-stimulator due to its polysaccharide content. It is believed to support the functions of the body’s white blood cells to deter infection. Echinacea is an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial herb and is used to enhance our resilience to infection.
The good news is that we don’t have to choose between these two wonderful herbs! They can be used together or alternately throughout the cold/flu season. For people looking to prevent illness or enhance their immune response during high-risk times, echinacea is a great defensive option. For those who are already experiencing symptoms of a viral infection or seeking relief from cold or flu symptoms, elderberry may be the more effective choice. Its proven track record in reducing the severity and duration of viral illnesses makes it a go-to remedy for many.
Echinacea (purple cone flower)
ELDER (Sambucus nigra)
The Elder tree is a beautiful example of an enduring bridge between ancient traditions and modern herbal practices. It has long been regarded with a blend of reverence and superstition and highly valued for its medicinal benefits. Various traditions hold that the Elder tree would guard against malevolent supernatural forces, protect homes, cause crops to flourish, and ward off illness. Hippocrates went so far as to call the Elder tree his “medicine chest”!
More than 3000 years ago, Native peoples in North America were cultivating Elder and using the berries and flowers for food, medicine, and dyes in addition to making tools and instruments. These practices continue today around the world with elderberries and elderflowers being commonly used herbal ingredients.
The leaves of the Elder tree are used topically for cuts, bruises, and sprains. Elderflowers are renowned for their anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, making them ideal for respiratory and skin conditions. The flowers are often made into teas, tonics, and extracts to treat colds and flu. Elderflowers have a light, sweet taste and are also used to flavor culinary dishes and beverages. Elderberries, on the other hand, are particularly rich in antioxidants and vitamins, which are beneficial for immune support and combating infections. Some varieties of elderberry are toxic when fresh and therefore cannot be eaten raw. When cooked and dried they are safe to ingest and are commonly made into extracts, tinctures, and syrups to help boost immunity and defend against viral infections.
The Elder tree is an example where the “whole plant” philosophy within herbalism shines - the different parts of the plant work together through different but synergistic mechanisms.
Tomato Chili Jam Recipe
This spicy-sweet jam is a great way to use summer produce. It makes a great accompaniment for meats, poultry, cheese and tofu. And if you like it extra spicy, you can add more chili peppers to turn up the heat!
This recipe makes 4 small jars of jam.
Ingredients
2 ¼ lbs tomatoes, peeled
2 cayenne peppers
8 peeled cloves garlic
2-inch piece of ginger, peeled and roughly chopped
¼ cup Thai fish sauce (Nam Pla)
1 cup light brown sugar
1-1/4 cups white sugar
Scant cup red wine vinegar
Process
Peel the tomatoes and dice (½ inch pieces).
Puree the chilis, garlic, ginger, and fish sauce in blender.
In a medium stainless steel sauce pan, add the puree, sugars, vinegar, and tomatoes.
Bring to a boil slowly, stirring occasionally.
Reduce to a simmer and cook gently for 30-40 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent burning.
Pour into sterilized jars (If using glass jars, warm them first to prevent cracking).
Allow to cool. Store in refrigerator.
Then enjoy!
For more information about the captivating and healthful benefits of chili peppers see our previous blog post on cayenne and capsaicin!
CAYENNE (Capsicum annuum)
When you think of cayenne pepper, the first thing that might come to mind is the fiery kick it adds to your favorite dishes. But this vibrant red spice also has a whole range of medicinal properties and a long history of use in traditional medicine around the world. Indigenous peoples in the Americas have used cayenne for centuries to treat a range of ailments, including pain and arthritis. The spicy pepper was often applied topically in poultices or eaten to alleviate muscle pain, joint inflammation, and digestive issues. Now, thanks to two scientists, David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, we know why it works! These two scientists even won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking research.
The active compound in cayenne is capsaicin which is the chemical responsible for the heat in cayenne pepper. Capsaicin interacts with the body’s sensory neurons, particularly through a receptor called TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1). This receptor is involved in detecting and regulating body temperature as well as pain. So, while our neurons are busy reacting to the heat of cayenne, they don’t transmit the pain signals to our brains. Julius and Patapoudian also discovered that capsaicin depletes substance P—a neurotransmitter involved in sending pain signals to the brain—and this may help reduce the sensation of pain.
Capsaicin also exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties. By inhibiting certain inflammatory pathways, it can help reduce inflammation in the body when taken orally or as part of our diet as well as when used topically. Capsaicin creams and ointments are frequently used to treat conditions like arthritis, neuropathic pain, and muscle soreness due to both its pain relieving and anti-inflammatoy properties.
Emerging research suggests that capsaicin may have positive effects on cardiovascular health. It has been found to lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, improve circulation and reduce oxidative stress. (see our post on free radicals and antioxidants for more information on oxidative stress)
Capsaicin may also play a potential role in boosting metabolism. Studies have shown that it can increase thermogenesis, the process by which the body generates heat and burns calories.
So next time you sprinkle some cayenne pepper into your meal, remember, you're not just spicing things up—you're also tapping into a range of health benefits!
ARNICA (Arnica montana, Arnica spp.)
Arnica
Arnica montana
Also known as wolfsbane and mountain tobacco, the bright yellow Arnica montana plant has been celebrated for centuries for its medicinal properties. Native to Europe and Siberia, the arnica flower was first utilized by indigenous cultures of the Alpine region. These early users recognized the plant's potent healing benefits, creating infusions and salves to treat bruises, sprains, and sore muscles. In the Middle Ages, arnica's popularity spread throughout Europe. Folk healers created tinctures, salves, and infusions to alleviate pain and inflammation. It became a staple in any well-stocked apothecary and was most often prescribed for rheumatism and injuries. The plant's effectiveness was well-documented in herbals of the time, solidifying its reputation as a valuable medicinal herb. This beautiful plant has since spread across the world and is a valuable tool in the natural remedy toolbox.
Arnica-infused oil is renowned for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunostimulatory, and antiseptic properties. Arnica contains compounds such as helenalin, dihydrohelenalin, and flavonoids, which contribute to its effectiveness in reducing pain and swelling. These compounds inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines, making arnica oil an excellent natural remedy for inflammatory conditions. Additionally, arnica oil stimulates blood circulation, which helps disperse trapped fluids from bruised or swollen tissues, promoting faster healing.
Using Fresh Arnica Oil
(For external use only)
To harness the benefits of arnica oil, gently massage a small amount onto the affected area. Arnica oil is particularly recommended for easing bruises, sprains, muscle aches, and joint pain. Athletes and active individuals often use arnica oil to soothe sore muscles after intense physical activity. For best results, apply the oil two to three times daily. Arnica oil can be used in combination with other essential oils or carrier oils to enhance its therapeutic effects. For instance, blending arnica oil with lavender or peppermint oil can provide a soothing and cooling sensation, further relieving pain and inflammation.
It's important to note that arnica oil should not be applied to broken skin or open wounds due to its potency. Some individuals may be sensitive to arnica, so conducting a patch test before widespread use is recommended. Simply apply a small amount of oil to a patch of skin and wait 24 hours to check for any adverse reactions. Do not use if you are allergic to other members of the Asteraceae plant family.
As with any herbal remedy, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before using arnica oil, especially if you have underlying health conditions, are pregnant, or are taking other medications.
Elecampane (Inula helenium)
Elecampane
Inula helenium
Growing up to 6 feet tall and reaching to the summer sky with bright yellow flowers, elecampane is one of nature’s most striking medicinal herbs. For thousands of years, it has been a mainstay of herbalism as it spread around the globe from Asia to Europe and on to North America due to its excellent therapeutic properties. It was also prized for its remarkable appearance and was said to be a favorite of Helen of Troy (hence the “helenium” in the name), representative of Odin, and recognized by Hippocrates. In the rich tapestry of Celtic tradition, it is held that the elecampane plant is a sacred home to elves and fairies, who are believed to dwell within its roots and leaves. To invite the presence of benevolent fairies, people would scatter the dried root throughout their homes. The roots were hung as blessings, and burning them as incense was believed to enhance intuition.
The primary medicinal value of elecampane is found in its roots which contain a white, milky substance called inulin (also found in chicory and dandelion) as well as valuable essential oils. It is commonly used for respiratory and digestive ailments.
Inulin is a natural, prebiotic fiber that functions as a food source for beneficial gut bacteria, promoting a healthy microbiome and improving digestive function. By fostering a healthy balance of gut flora, inulin helps enhance nutrient absorption and supports overall immune function. It can aid in digestion, elimination, and soothe irritated intestinal tissues.
As a respiratory tonic, elecampane contains essential oils, including alantolactone and isoalantolactone, which add to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and expectorant properties. These compounds help in loosening and expelling mucus from the respiratory tract, making elecampane a valuable remedy for respiratory conditions such as bronchitis and asthma.
Dried elecampane root can be prepared as a tea, tincture, or powder. Caution: large amounts can cause stomach upset. Check with your care provider if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medications. Do not use if you are allergic to other members of the Asteraceae family.
Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)
Lavender is a soothing and versatile flower with a long history.
Lavender Lavandula angustifolia
Lavender, a fragrant herb native to the Mediterranean, has been cherished for over 2,500 years. Ancient Egyptians utilized lavender in mummification and perfumes, while Greeks and Romans appreciated its calming and antiseptic qualities and incorporated it into baths, cooking, and medicinal practices. By the Middle Ages, lavender had spread across Europe, becoming a staple in monastic gardens and herbal medicine, valued for treating a variety of ailments, from headaches to insomnia.
Lavender is celebrated for its wide range of medicinal properties, including its nervine, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. It is beneficial for almost all the body’s systems, and can be used topically, internally, and through aromatherapy. Lavender contains compounds such as linalool and linalyl acetate, which contribute to its soothing impact on the nervous system, making it an effective natural remedy for anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders as well as a calming muscle relaxant. Its anti-inflammatory properties help alleviate pain and reduce swelling, while its antimicrobial effects combat bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Additionally, lavender promotes wound healing and reduces scarring, making it beneficial for treating minor burns and skin irritations.
Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
Poison ivy seems to be everywhere this year!
☀️ 🌿 Poison ivy seems to be everywhere; customers started coming into the store in early May looking for relief! So, we thought an info sheet on poison ivy might be helpful for the 85% of us who are unfortunately allergic to the plant and suffer through the resulting itchy rash.
Poison Ivy (aka Toxicodendron radicans)
The troublemaker is urushiol, an oil in the poison ivy plant which causes the allergic reaction (the same oil is the culprit in poison oak and poison sumac). If you are not already familiar with the appearance of these plants, check online for pictures so you can recognize them in all seasons. And remember the old saying, “leaves of three, leave them be”. Exposure happens when you touch or brush against the leaves, stems, or roots of the plant OR when you touch something else that has come in contact with the plant and still has residue of the oil on its surface (such as a pet, backpack, or jacket).
Sometimes we don’t know we’ve come in contact with the vine until the dreaded itch and blisters appear. Sometimes we recognize it right after we touch it or brush against it. Either way, there are some steps we can take to help mitigate the symptoms of the allergic reaction. If you know you’ve been exposed, immediate action can help! Rinse the affected area with cool, soapy water within the first few minutes to remove the oil and reduce the severity of the reaction. Avoid scrubbing as it can spread the oil. Symptoms typically appear within 12 to 48 hours and starting with itching, redness, and swelling followed by blistering and more itching. The fluid in the blisters will not spread the rash, but avoid scratching as that may lead to infection and longer healing time.
The duration of the rash can vary from a few days to several weeks, depending on its severity and individual sensitivity. Managing symptoms involves keeping the affected area clean and dry, and resisting the urge to scratch, which can lead to infection. Natural remedies can help! Check out the summer seasonals in our shop for ideas. 🌿 ☀️